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The foot is the most
striking part of the Conus
body . Its made of a
plentiful and strong muscular mass. The sole is flat and rather smooth, sometimes striped
or pimpled. The front of the foot is truncated or widely rounded while the back ends with
a tip which usually has a little operculum on the top.
After the foot, the most important muscle is the columellar muscle
which is fixed both to the interior axis of the shell and to the two ends of the foot. Its
contraction causes the retraction of the foot inside the shell. The folding of the back
end, on top of which the operculum is attached, causes the closing of the aperture.
The colouring of the foot is
largely variable and depends, besides genetic characters, on feeding and habitat too.
Often the sole is clearer compared to the sides that may be evenly coloured in white or in
red till a velvet black shade. Sometimes the colours gather in dots, spots or
stripes.
On the left side of the head there is the siphon, an extensible
tube that, from the outside, opens out in the pallial cavity and pumps the water from and
into the gills. Its open below and protrudes from the sand when the animal is
buried. It is one of the few parts of the body, with the tentacles and the
penis, to be
usually pimpled; in many species it presents very brilliant colours on the top, in
contrast with the dark colour of the remaining part of the body.
The gills are placed at
the basis of the siphon and have a feather structure (ctenidiums) touching the
body. The number and the dimension of the gills vary according to the
species.
The two eyes are placed in stalks that are usually rather large at the
base and narrow at the end and are situated at the two sides of the head. In all
probability the Cones that inhabit deep waters are blind.
Over the foot, in the front
side and between the ocular stalks, is placed the proboscis, that when not in
action is covered by the rostrum or proboscis sheath. The rostrum may be so
small not to be distinguishable from the proboscis or may be very wide with fringed
margins. The proboscis ends in the mouth opening. Throughout the proboscis, the anterior
part of the pharynx with the radula, that is constituted by two sharp and
often hooked teeth, may protrude.
The mouth opening and the pharynx are both very elastic, especially in
piscivorous Cones, in order to swallow large preys.
Behind the right eye is placed
the penis whose form and dimension are both very important in the classification of
the species. We can distinguish almost two types of penis. A tubular type, with a simple
opening on the top, short or long, narrow or large. A lobate type, of several dimensions
and sometimes with a complex shape and hook at the end; this form is typical of many
species living in deep waters.
The female genital
opening,
the vagina, is a simple pore, sometimes surrounded by a raised ring.
The testicles and the ovaries and the ducts of the reproductive
system are placed in the inner spire of the shell.
The Cones are organisms with separated sexes (dioecious). In many
species it is manifest some sexual dimorphism which concern the size, the shape and the
colour of the shell.
The anus is placed behind, on the right side.
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